ABSTRACT
With the advent of ivermectin, tremendous improvement in public health has been observed, especially in the treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis that created chaos mostly in rural, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin American countries. The discovery of ivermectin became a boon to millions of people that had suffered in the pandemic and still hold its pharmacological potential against these. Ivermectin continued to surprise scientists because of its notable role in the treatment of various other tropical diseases (Chagas, leishmaniasis, worm infections, etc.) and is viewed as the safest drug with the least toxic effects. The current review highlights its role in unexplored avenues towards forging ahead of the repositioning of this multitargeted drug in cancer, viral (the evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against SARS-Cov-2 is under investigation) and bacterial infection and malaria. This article also provides a glimpse of regulatory considerations of drug repurposing and current formulation strategies. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, multitargeted nature and promising efforts are put towards the repurposing of this drug throughout the field of medicine. This single drug originated from a microbe, changed the face of global health by proving its unmatched success and progressive efforts continue in maintaining its bequestnin the management of global health by decreasing the burden of various diseases worldwide.
ABSTRACT
In present investigation, AND-2-HyP-ß-CYD (Andrographolide-2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin) complex was synthesized and characterized for antiviral and pharmacokinetic profile. The linear host-guest relation suggested synthesis of a 1:1 complex of AND with 2-HyP-ß-CYD by inclusion mode. The Kc, stability constant of the two phase system of AND with 2-HyP-ß-CYD computed to be 38.60 x 10-3M. 1H NMR spectrum of AND indicated the presence of triplet at 6.63-ppm which was up-fielded in AND-2-HyP-ß-CYD complex at 6.60-ppm (doublet) confirmed the insertion of AND in cavity of 2-HyP-ß-CYD through lactone ring. AND-2-HyP-ß-CYD complex exhibited the IC50 of 0.1-µg.mL-1 (E gene) and 0.29-µg.mL-1 (N gene) against SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero6 cells. Moreover, a 1.5-fold increment in extent of absorption of AND was noticed post complexation. The bioavailability was estimated to be 15.87 ± 3.84% and 23.84 ± 5.46%, respectively for AND and AND-2-HyP-ß-CYD complex. AND-2-HyP-ß-CYD complex may be a prospective candidate for further studies to evolve as a clinically viable formulation against SARS-CoV-2.